WHITE RUST OF CHRYSANTHEMUM 21/06/2023

 

WHITE RUST OF CHRYSANTHEMUM

Today, chrysanthemum is a flower that is favored by many people because of their variety and color, and has been used more and more popularly by people. Chrysanthemums have also been grown in many regions of the country, in order to meet the growing market demand. Therefore, flower growing areas often do not have time for the land to rest and also do not have time to rotate crops with other crops. As a result, many types of pests have arisen, with increasingly high and dangerous levels. One of the common and dangerous diseases and increasing ,the current control pressure on chrysanthemum growers is  white rust disease.. The disease has lost the commercial value of flowers and caused great loss to flower growers.

* Symptoms and effects:

First, the underside of the leaves appear light green disease spots, then from the disease t emerge into rough warts like warts, white warts, then gradually turn yellow. The disease usually affects young leaves and can also attack other young parts of the plant. The disease makes leaves lose the ability to photosynthesize and detract from the beauty of flowers, reducing commercial value. People who grow flowers have to spend a lot of money on prevention

* Pathogens and conditions for the development of the disease:

+ Disease caused by Puccinia sp fungus.

Conditions for the development of the disease:

-The garden has many remnants of the previous crop, the chrysanthemum garden rotates continuously, the garden does not rotate, and is concentrated in specialized cultivation areas.

- Planting with infected varieties, planting with too thick density, unbalanced fertilization and excess nitrogen, lack of organic and microelements, so the garden is dense, high humidity. The tree is soft and weak, so the resistance is low.

- Poor water management, often watering in the evening, making the garden often too wet at night.

- Cool weather, high air humidity, less sunny days and more foggy nights are optimal conditions for the disease to develop.

* Effective prevention measures:

- Clean and destroy remnants of previous crops and wild plants in the garden before planting.

- Do not use infected varieties. Use disease-free seedlings.

- Plant with appropriate density, avoid planting too thick, easy to cause dense, damp in the garden. Planting at the right density will make it easier to handle the  product later.

- Do not water in the evening to limit high humidity at night.

- Balanced NPK fertilization, enhanced microbial organic fertilizers, supplemented with intermediate and trace elements to help increase plant resistance, such as TANO 601 foliar fertilizer at the fruit stage.

-Raise a high bed, can be covered with nylon film and water appropriately so that the garden is not often damp

. If growing indoors, it is necessary to closely monitor the humidity to make appropriate adjustments.

- Collect severely diseased leaves and destroy them.

- Rotate crops with other crops when disease pressure is high.

- In cloudy weather with little sunshine, a lot of fog, humid and cool air, it is necessary to prevent it first by: DIPOMATE 80WP, with a dose of 1.7-2.3 kg/ha. The amount of water sprayed is 400 liters/ha.

- Check the flower garden regularly, When incipient disease is found in the garden, it should be sprayed twice 3-5 days apart.

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 Miner has the scientific name Phyllocnistis citrella Staint., family Phyllocnistidae, order Lepidoptera. The  miner occurs in many countries in the tropics and subtropics. The main host of the miner is the citrus family - Rutaceae. In addition, the miner also attacks mangosteen and some other plants.

 

Adult is a small planthopper, with a body 2-3 mm long, the whole body is ash gray, slightly greenish, the wings are opaque with many small brown spots.Eggs are oval, 0.3 mm long, have a pointed end and are attached directly to the leaf surface, leaf axils.Larvae are very small, oval in shape, newly hatched are bright yellow. Age 2 and age 3 are in green. Age 4 and age 5 are golden brown and 2 small wing sprouts.

 

Green bugs specialize in the fruit of citrus groups (oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruits, kumquats...), some people call them orange bugs, or orange suckers. Their scientific name is Rhynchocoris poseidon or Rhynchocoris humeralis.

 In Vietnam, yellow leaf curl disease is very common on papaya trees, especially the disease is often severe in areas of high and continuous planting, areas with hot and arid climates. The disease has significantly reduced the yield and quality of papaya. Gardens that are infected early when the plants are young may not yield. However, up to now, many gardeners still do not know the cause and how to fix it.

 

 Spider mites are common pests on citrus trees, especially in hot and dry climates that are suitable for spiders to grow and cause severe damage.The group of harmful spiders is usually very small in size, unlike the natural enemy spiders.Spiders have a very short life cycle, high reproductive ability, create many generations in a year, so it is easy to break out into epidemics in a short time.

 

 This group includes species that are generally very small in size, causing damage by sucking plant sap (on leaves, fruits, branches, stems).

There are many species of mealybugs present on the group of Oranges,Tangerines,Grapefruits and Lemons (Citrus), which can be divided into 2 groups:

+ Group of sticky mealybugs with common varieties such as Lepidosaphes, Aonidiella, Coccus and Saissetia.

+ Group of flower mealybugs with common genera and species such as Pseudococcus, Planococcus and Icerya purchasi.

Dry branches and berries disease often appear to be common damage on coffee gardens during the rainy season. The disease causes death of branchs, dry fruit, severely affects the canopy structure and coffee yield if not paid attention to prevention.

  

 Pink disease commonly causes diseases on rubber plantations in the rainy season, especially on garden from 4-8 years old. This year, rubber has to go through a period of severe drought, weakening the tree, so now in tnshe rainy season it is easy to get infected. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to good management to avoid affecting the garden.

In recent years, the area of citrus has been expanded because it is a fruit tree with high economic efficiency. However, in order to sell at a high price, not only in quality but consumers also require the external beauty of the fruit, so pest management on citrus is a matter of great concern to farmers. The hot season is a favorable condition for thrips to develop and cause damage, affecting the commercial value of fruit.

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